Axillary hairs of 55 species of genera Amblyodon, Aplodon, Aulacomnium, Brachymitrion, Breutelia, Bryobrittonia, Bryum, Catoscopium, Encalypta, Funaria, Leptobryum, Meesia, Mnium, Orthodontium, Orthotrichum, Paludella, Philonotis, Plagiomnium, Plagiopus, Pohlia, Pyrrobryum, Rhodobryum, Rhizomnium, Splachnum, Tayloria, Tetraplodon, Timmia, Ulota, Voitia, Zygodon are described (and illustrated for most of genera). Axillary hair morphology is in agreement with the placement of Leptobryum in Meesiaceae, a family close to Splachnaceae. Similarity of axillary hairs in Encalyptaceae and Timmiaceae, as well as in Mnium and Rhizomnium is outlined.