The distribution paterns of
277 species of north holarctic Hepatics are analyized. The following
geographical elements are distinguished on the basis of today known
distribution and ecology of species:
arctic (44 species), arctomontane (66 species), montane (44 species),
arctoborealmontane (52 species), boreal (42 species), nemoral (27 species), and cosmopolits (4 species).
The rates of circumpolar and nearly circumpolar hepatics are very low
in arctic (6.2% ) and montane (32%) species whereas in arctomontane, arctoborealmontane
and boreal elements it exeeds 70%. The
disjunctions of great number of hepatics are explained by relict ranges as well as the poorly known distribution and
taxonomy of many northern species. Distribution of 96 species are mapped.