3. Plants
greenish; leaves 1.251.8 mm long; hyaline hair-points short,
usually less than 10% of leaf length; perichaetial leaves with few
ciliae 3. H. nemoralis
This species occurs in the
southern areas of European and Asian Russia: the Black Sea coastal
areas of the Caucasus, Zabaikalsky and Primorsky Territories. Its
northernmost Russian locality is in Kaluga Province (ca. 54°N). It
also occurs in China and eastern North America. Hedwigia
nemoralis grows on dry rocks at low altitudes in broadleaved
forests, usually in humid places (sea coasts, shady forests, near
waterfalls, etc.).
Plants grayish; leaves
1.52.2 mm long; hyaline hair-points short to very long, usually
more than 10% of leaf length; perichaetial leaves with numerous
ciliae 4
4. Leaves
with margins narrowly recurved in lower 1/41/2 5
Leaves with margins
±widely recurved in lower 2/33/4 7
5. Leaves
straight; hyaline hair-points 3055% of leaf length, straight,
with subentire or bluntly denticulate margins; papillae dense,
with thick round branches, obscuring cell walls 5. H. emodica var. emodica
Hedwigia emodica is the most common, widespread Hedwigia species in Russia,
and is especially pervasive in the Asian parts of Russia. It
commonly occurs in the Caucasus and southern Siberia from the Altai
Mts. to Transbaikalia and also sporadically in Murmansk Province,
Northern Urals, southern Taimyr, central/eastern parts of Yakutia,
Amurskaya Province, Khabarovsk/Primorsky Territories, and Kamchatka. It is found in a wide range of altitudes extending from forest zones
to alpine mountain zones. Although occasionally found in mesic
habitats, more often it grows in dry conditions on dry south-faced
cliffs, rock outcrops on southern slopes, and dry rocks in open
places, etc.
Leaves straight or
secund; hyaline hair-points (15)2330(35)% of leaf length,
spreading or following leaf curvature, with narrow, sharp teeth at
margins; papillae with narrow branches, not obscuring cell walls 6
6. Leaves
straight, rarely slightly secund; hyaline hair-points spreading,
with more or less dense papillae and spinulae in proximal portion
and sparse, low papillae in distal part; median leaf cells with
compact papillae, often forming longitudinal rows; European Russia
and Southern Siberia 6. H. mollis
Hedwigia mollis is
mostly known from forest and subalpine zones in European Russia:
south of Murmansk Province; Karelia; several provinces south of
Moscow (Tula, Kursk, Lipetzk); Karachay-Cherkessia and
Kabardino-Balkarian Republics in the Caucasus. It occurs
sporadically in the South Urals from the steppe zone in Orenburg
Province (type locality) to the forest zone of Bashkortostan. It
also occurs in the Altai Mts on the shore of Teletzkoe Lake and in
the Chulyshman River valley. Hedwigia mollis is a somewhat
calcareous species found in open and shaded, mesic to xeric
habitats.
Leaves falcate-secund,
hyaline hair-points following leaf curvature, with high, dense
papillae and spinulae throughout; median leaf cells with irregularly
spaced papillae, not forming longitudinal rows; Russian Far
East 5. H. emodica var. echinata
This variety is currently
known only from the Russian Far East (Primorsky and Khabarovsk
Territories, Amurskaya Province). It is a low elevation (up to 1400
m a.s.l.) mountain variety found in open, shady places on dry rocks.
7(4). Leaves straight or secund; hyaline hair-points moderately
papillose; spores (27.5)3035(37.5) mm;
European Russia 4. H. ciliata
Hedwigia
ciliata is common in
NW European Russia (southern Murmansk Province, Karelia, Leningrad
and Pskov Provinces) and less frequent in the Tver, Moscow and Orel
Provinces of Central European Russia. The species grows mainly on
granite cliffs/boulders in forests or open places and often forms
large mats.
Leaves usually straight;
hyaline hair-points densely papillose/spinulose; spores 2327.5
mm; East Asian Russia 2. H. kuzenevae
The
distribution of H. kuzenevae is somewhat
similar to that of H. czernyadjevae (both
species are also similar in appearance, but differ in papillae
pattern). It is common in Amurskaya Province (Zeya Nature Reserve)
and known from scattered localities in northern Zabaikalsky
Territory, the Sette Daban Mt. Range in Yakutia and the lower course
of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River (Evenkia). It is found at low
altitudes on dry rock in open or shady places.