2.Hypophyses
purple-red, convex-umbrelliform; leaf margins serrate almost
throughout 5. S. rubrum
A boreal species extending as
far south as S. ampullaceum in the hemiboreal zone. It occurs
in wet forests and peatlands on mammal dung (bears, boars, cows,
etc.).
— Hypophyses yellow to
whitish, discoid-umbrelliform; leaf margins serrulate to subentire
above, entire below 3
3.Hypophyses
yellow, 7–15 mm in diameter, urns yellowish to orange; setae 10–20
cm 6. S. luteum
Locally common (e.g.,
in Yakutia and Kola Peninsula) in northern parts of the boreal zone,
especially in areas with reindeer pasturing. There are a few, mostly
old, records of the species in more southern regions, and this may
indicate a decline in its range and abundance. The species also has
a limited distribution in the Arctic. It grows in wet or moist
places on the dung of reindeer and cows, dead Lemmus bodies
and other animal-derived substrates.
— Hypophyses whitish, 3–5
mm in diamater, urns purple; setae 1–3 m 7 . S. melanocaulon
This species is known in
Russia from only four, very isolated localities: St.Petersburg area;
the Komi Republic; lower Yenissey River; and Kamchatka.
4(1). Hypophyses as wide as or only slightly wider than urns; upper leaves
entire 5
Hypophyses much
wider than urns; upper leaves serrate or serrulate, or if entire
than leaf apices obtuse 6
5.Setae
to 1 cm; capsules emergent or shortly exserted; leaves long
lanceolate, length/width ratio 3–5: 1. S. pensylvanicum
An
exceedingly rare species in Russia known from two collections of
1911 and 1931 made in a peat bog in Kaliningrad Province. However,
the species is extant, but extremely rare, in the nearby Baltic
countries.
Setae 1–8 cm,
capsules long exserted; leaves broadly obovate, length/width ratio
1.5–2.51 2. S. sphaericum
Splachnum sphaericum occurs
mostly in the Russian Arctic region and treeless areas of the boreal
mountains. There are a few scattered localities for the species in
the boreal zone. It grows on dung and occasionally on rotten logs.
6.Hypophyses
yellowish-green when young, purple when mature, pyriform or
ampullaceus gradually tapered to setae; leaves acuminate, serrate
above 3. S. ampullaceum
Primarily a boreal species,
not found in the Arctic, the species is absent in permafrost zone of
Siberia. To the south it extends into the hemiboreal zone, where
large peat bogs and swampy forests keep dung wet and suitable for
Splachnaceae species. In Asia it occurs farther to the south of
Russia, but within Russian territory there are no confirmed records
from the Caucasus or Altai. The southernmost Russian localities for
the species are in the Baikal area. It grows on the dung of
cows/boars, as well as in bogs, swamps and wet meadows.
— Hypophyses yellowish to
rose when young, dark-red to purple-violet when mature, globose,
abruptly tapered to setae; leaves blunt, nearly entire 4. S. vasculosum
An Arcto-alpine species
confined in Russia to the Arctic and northermost parts of the boreal
zone. There is one locality of the species south of 62°N in the
southern Siberian mountains, in Eastern Sayans. It grows in mires,
on dung, dead bodies and in places where birds have molted.